Jollibee Case Study Essay Example for Free

Jollibee Case Study Essay 1. Presentation Anil K. Gupta and Vijay Govindarajan contend in their article, â€Å"Knowledge streams and the structure of control inside global corporations†, that fundamentally all past examination on key control inside worldwide organizations (MNCs) has focused on why these decide to travel to another country. They rather contend that for fruitful seaward business, one must see how correspondence streams inside the distinctive sub-units of the association. As Jollibee Foods Corporation thinks about whether they ought to set up a fourth store in Hong Kong, it faces a few difficulties. One of the fundamental difficulties respects information move between its Filipino offices and the recently settled ones abroad. It is in this way pertinent to take a gander at the accompanying exploration question: What outcomes does the current â€Å"strategic command over its subsidiaries† have on the information move between the Jollibee central command on the Philippines and the seaward Jollibee Food plants in Hong Kong? In responding to the examination question, we will begin by clarifying the structure of Gupta Govindarajan’s (1991) on various types of auxiliaries, with consideration paid to information move and their related control instruments. Further we will inspect what sort of difficulties Jollibee Foods Corporation is looking with its development to Hong Kong. At last, the above investigation will furnish us with data about the current open doors on the Chinese market and will empower us to propose a reproduction of the seaward business in Hong Kong to make it progressively effective. Jollibee meets a few errands in their offshoring venture, yet because of space confinement there will in this paper just be center around two chose difficulties, the difficulties of changing in accordance with Chinese taste and their administration structure. 2. Jollibee Foods Construction and its key power over its auxiliary in Hong-Kong Gupta and Govindarajan (1991) suggested that there exists a specific relationship between various sorts of auxiliary units and the key corporate control of that auxiliary. They characterized four perfect sorts as; Implementor, Global pioneer, Integrated Player and Local Innovator, in light of the measure of information that streams and the course of this information, between the auxiliary and the remainder of the MNC. Upon Tingzonâ's appearance the principle system of the seaward business has been â€Å"flag planting†. Banner planting targets setting up a nearness in each market before contenders, thus, underscoring at actualizing client desire, affecting taste and building brand (case p. 11). The underlying arrangement in Hong Kong has been to get one of the significant players in the market quick. The past universal system implied that the auxiliaries in Hong Kong worked as practitioners. A practitioner is portrayed by a high level of information inflow from the central command however with a low level of information surge; subsequently primarily applying the procedure utilized in the parent organization with no nearby adaption (Gupta and Govindarajan 1991). Working as a practitioner has implied that the built up Hong Kong stores have not been occupied with any information creation, however essentially adhered to guidelines from the Filipino central station. Besides one can contend that Jollibee’s way to deal with Hong Kong has been to basically execute the previously existing practices from the Philippines. For instance, the menu offered in Hong Kong is nearly equivalent to the Filipino one, information on what to sell has just been acquired from headquarter (case page. 12) Additional proof contending for that the Hong Kong auxiliary has been working like a practitioner can be found in the administration move of the CEO’s brother by marriage, from the parent organization to the Hong Kong auxiliary (case page 12). Also, the store-level directors were all Filipino while little team were Chinese and staffing issues therefore developed. To take care of the issue the Manila based Franchise Service Manager worked ceaselessly with Hong Kong for over a half year, without progress. In 1997 a disagreement regarding discipline between the four Chinese Managers, and the five Filipino Managers, brought about the Chinese Managers leaving Jollibee with just Filipino team left (page 12). This focuses towards the auxiliaries in Hong Kong adjusting the trait of a practitioner, for example unadulterated inflow of information from the parent organization and little surge of information from the Hong Kong auxiliary. Besides is the general â€Å"flag planting† procedure of Jollibee demonstrative of the slanted force balance among Jollibee and its auxiliaries. 3. Authoritative Challenges Jollibee encountered the inner difficulties of hierarchical culture conflict between its executed Filipino laborers and the Chinese staff. Besides the usage of the universal menu was not as fruitful true to form (case p. 13). The methodology of concentrating on Filipino exiles in new markets, may has caused Jollibee’s passage to the Hong-Kong showcase, since they previously had a recognized costumer gathering of Filipinos. Be that as it may, as Tingzon asks for the situation â€Å"might we hazard confining ourselves to a Filipino specialty that keeps us from sufficiently developing to help tasks in each country?† (case p. 11). We found that the exile drove methodology have forestalled further extension of the organization on the Hong Kong advertise. This is because of the nearby information that dwells in Chinese specialists and chiefs are not misused when just utilizing Filipino administrators. As expressed above, in the early passage into the Hong Kong showcase, Jollibee did likewise utilize Chinese supervisors yet because of their sole usage of inflows from base camp, conflicts emerged between the Chinese and the Filipino administrators. Besides one significant test to effectively set up a fourth store and addition more piece of the pie is to adjust the predominant menu to the Chinese taste. The fundamental test for Jollibee now is the means by which to acknowledge, and best use, the information that lives in Chinese specialists. 4. Changing the Strategy for the Hong Kong Subsidiary From the above segment we can presume that there exists a few difficulties of how the auxiliary in Hong Kong has recently been organized, for instance has one of the sub-franchisees attempted to recommend changes to the menu. To have the option to draw in increasingly nearby costumers he proposed low fat chicken and Chinese tea, as he detected an interest for these items among the Chinese individuals (case p. 12). He has attempted to execute these progressions for a few of months however has not yet gotten a thumbs up from the central command. This shows Jollibee for the most part considers its to be as practitioners, with no surge of neighborhood information to different auxiliaries. Yet, for Jollibee to prevail with regards to opening a fourth store and increment its piece of the overall industry on the Hong Kong market, reproduction and adaption to the nearby market is pivotal. The top administration saw a high benefit potential in Hong Kong, and in this way asked Tingzon to open the fourth store. Be that as it may, as the benefit potential is high, the opposition in Hong Kong for comparative food organizations, for example, McDonalds, is additionally exceptionally extreme. Jollibee Food Construction doesn't have the upper hand of a first mover and isn't the only one available. For instance has their principle rival, McDonald’s, both more grounded brand acknowledgment in the Hong Kong market and they are more grounded monetarily. Subsequently Jollibee needs to take on an unexpected auxiliary procedure in comparison to the â€Å"implementor†, so as to progress (Hymer p. 61). In view of this the system of the Hong Kong sub-division can turn into a fruitful sub-division on the off chance that it adjusts the qualities of a neighborhood trend-setter as opposed to attempting to be a practitioner, with both low inflow and surge of information. One primary test for Jollibee is to pull in progressively nearby workers and as Gupta and Govindarajan’s suggestion 3 states; under standards and regulatory judiciousness will the piece of the top-administration for the particular auxiliary comprise of for the most part local people if the division goes about as a neighborhood pioneer (Gupta and Govindarajan 1991). As a practitioner has the opportunities for self-governing activity been low while it as a nearby pioneer exists space to adjust to the neighborhood condition, for example for Jollibee to take on an increasingly Chinese menu. 5. End All in all, as Jollibee choose whether or not to build up one more store in Hong Kong, they need to investigate their key power over its auxiliaries. As inspected over, the organization has predominantly seen their auxiliaries as practitioners. We discovered this universal technique deficient, and that it blocked them to completely misuse the market potential in Hong Kong. The common difficulties for Jollibee now is the way to acknowledge and best utilize the information that lives in Chinese specialists. Because of impediments of the paper, it is just a small amount of potential clarifications that have been featured and these rotate essentially around the significance of expanding the nearby commitment in the Hong Kong auxiliary, and increment the neighborhood advancement towards increasingly nearby taste. Consequently we contend for Jollibee’s auxiliaries in Hong Kong to adjust towards a nearby pioneer job. 6. List of sources Case: Bartlett, C. A. (2001). Jollibee Foods Corporation (An): International Expansion. Harvard Business School Gupta, A.K.,Govindarajan, V. (1991). Information streams and the structure of control inside global companies. Institute of Management, Review 16(4) 768-792 Gupta, A.K., Govindarajan, V. (2000). Information streams inside global companies. Key Management Journal 21, pp. 473-496. letto-Gilles, G. (2005). â€Å"HymerÂ's original work†, in Part III Modern Theories in Transnational Corporations and International Production. Scholastic Books, Copenhagen Business School. Distributed by Edward Elgar Publi

Environmental Noise Management Plan

Natural Noise Management Plan Natural Noise Management Plan for a proposed Outdoor Music Event College of Derby Online Learning, University of Derby, UK Iwona Typek-Ryszka 100381110 This Noise Management Plan has been finished to control the potential commotion issue during proposed three days open air music occasion. The goal of this arrangement is to give control measures to forestall commotion sway on the neighborhood occupants during the occasion and to guarantee that parity is accomplished between giving great amusement and controlling potential unfriendly impact of clamor contamination. (Legislation.gov.uk, 1996) 2.1. Site subtleties The outside concert is expected to work over a 3-day end of the week time frame and it will be held at the Hainault Forest Country Park, Romford Rd, Chigwell, London IG7 4QL. Unrecorded music is proposed to be performed from the principle stage and the auxiliary stage. There likewise will be two Dub music marquees. 2.2. Operational hours The accompanying operational hours are comprehended to be delegate for fundamental and acoustic stages over the whole length of the celebration: Fundamental and optional stages will play unrecorded music on: Friday, Saturday and Sunday from 12:00 to 23:00. The two marquee tents will play name music on: Friday and Saturday from 12.00hrs to 02.00hrs Sunday from 12.00hrs to 24.00hrs. 2.3. Extra scenes Extra scenes will be accessible for visitors: Nearby outdoors territory fit for holding up to 200 tents On location bar and refreshments region Vehicle leave region fit for holding up to 500 vehicles 3.1. The most extreme Music Noise Level for fundamental and optional stages with unrecorded music The standard clamor level for open air celebration has been depicted as vitality averaging (LAeq,T) 98 decibels (dB) estimated at the show blender position about 40m from the principle amplifier and at a tallness of 10m to 15m in the crowd zone (Colthurst and Fisher, 2011). Coordinators will set the greatest commotion level to (LAeq,T) 95 decibels (dB) to permit edge for blunder. This must not be surpass more than 15-minute time span during the whole occasion (Sound Solution Consultants Ltd, 2010). Greatest Noise Level set in The Code of Practice are appeared in table 3.1.1. This direction is set for occasions which finish before 23:00h. For occasions carry on past 23:00h, direction proposal is that the music clamor ought not be discernible inside commotion delicate premises with windows open in a run of the mill way for ventilation (Noise Council, 1995 p.7). Reggae celebration will more probable fit into class other urban or provincial scenes so a 15 moment Leq of 65 dB(A) is as far as possible. Show Days/Calendar Year/Venue Scene Category Rule 1 to 3 Urban Stadia or Arenas The MNL ought not surpass 75 dB(A) over a brief period 1 to 3 Other Urban and Rural Venues The MNL ought not surpass 65 dB(A) over a brief period 4 to 12 All Venues The MNL ought not surpass the foundation clamor level by more than 15 dB(A) over a brief period *dB(A) the A-weighted sound weight level weighted to mirror the manner in which the human ear reacts to various frequencies (Noise Council, 1995). Table 1. The most extreme Music Noise Level (MNL) where the MNL is communicated as a Leq (Adapted from the Noise Council, 1995 p.6). 3.2. The most extreme Music Noise Level for the clamor delicate zones The World Health Organizations (WHO) Guidelines for Community Noise archive says that for open air living territory clamor levels of 55 dB LAeq cause genuine disturbance during daytime and night. The clamor levels of 45dB LAeq (estimated from outside) cause rest unsettling influence to living arrangement. The Guidelines suggests an interior LAeq of 30dB for ideal rest conditions (and close to 35dB for inside rooms during daytime). Coordinators will set most extreme clamor level to 45dB LAeq (estimated from outside) for operational long periods of 12:00-23:00 and 30dB LAeq (estimated from outside) for occasion which carry on past 23:00. 4.1. Normal for reggae music The drums and low register guitar assume huge job in reggae music and consideration is attracted to low frequencies (En.wikipedia.org, 2017). This sort of commotion will travel generously further, and it can without much of a stretch go through the boundaries and structures. (Colthurst and Fisher, 2011). 4.2. Nearby Geography and Topography Hainault Forest Country Park is huge park situated in Greater London, which joins forest and open space. This is a rustic region and is moderately level (Redbridge.gov.uk, 2017).The celebration is moved toward the open field which permits sound to go without impedance (Everest and Pohlmann, 2009). 4.3. Commotion delicate regions The nearest commotion delicate receptors to the proposed celebration site are summed up underneath: Receptor 1 Properties situated at Lambourne End, roughly 1.33 km toward the north of the proposed celebration setting. Receptor 2 Properties situated at Chingwell Row, roughly 1.45km toward the west of the proposed celebration setting. Receptor 3 Newly manufactured lodging improvement situated behind a golf club, roughly 1.3 km toward the south of the proposed celebration scene. Receptor 4 Houses situated nearby Romford Rd. around 1.3km toward the south-west of the proposed celebration scene. Picture 1. Area of commotion delicate regions 4.4. Commotion Sources Primary clamor hotspots for the reggae celebration have been recognized as follow: Enhanced music (recorded and live) Sound frameworks Sound checks Vehicle leaving and outdoors and bar region Leaving benefactor clamor The construct and separate 4.5. Commotion controls put before the occasion 4.5.1. Foundation Noise Survey The foundation commotion, otherwise called encompassing clamor is characterized as undesirable or destructive open air sound made by human exercises, including commotion radiated by methods for transport street traffic, rail traffic, air traffic and from destinations of mechanical action (The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, 2002). There is no uncertainty that huge music occasions may make aggravation nearby neighborhood because of powerful intensification included. Thusly there is a need to finish a foundation commotion overview before the occasion, to foresee clamor emanation levels, and to guarantee the wellbeing and government assistance of the individuals who live close by is kept up (Noise Council, 1995). Foundation clamor review will be embraced end of April 2017 to decide foundation commotion level at the blender area and in the clamor delicate zones. Climate will be considered, as wind speed and course or temperature may impact the transmission of sound. (Colthurst and Fisher, 2011). 4.5.2. Acoustic specialist Completely qualified and enlisted acoustic specialist will be utilized by celebration coordinators to help with occasion arranging, to finish clamor study and screen commotion levels all through the occasion. (Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events, 2012, p.16) 4.5.3. Correspondence courses of action The correspondence organize between the colleagues associated with commotion observing will be built up through handheld radios (Noise Council, 1995 p. 11). There will be hot line step up where nearby occupants could use to grumble about clamor level. The hotline will be open for entire span of the occasion. All grumblings will be logged, researched and healing move will be made. Log will be kept to show consistence (Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events, 2012, p.17) 4.5.4. Advertising 3 months before the occasion, first instructions note will be conveyed to the commotion delicate premises, illuminating neighbors that the shows will happen and exhorting them about the safeguards taken to limit clamor sway. The subsequent note will be conveyed to the inhabitants no later than about fourteen days before the occasion. This note will remind them about the celebration, requesting their resilience and giving a phone number to the commotion grumbling hot-line where somebody liable can be reached if there should arise an occurrence of any issues. (Clamor From Open Air Events Guidance for Applicants, 2014, p. 10) 4.5.5. Sound arrangement tests and set ups Sound engendering tests will be done at the day of the occasion to guarantee that sound levels are right and meet the objectives. (Commotion From Open Air Events Guidance for Applicants, 2014, p. 10) The climate condition on the times of the occasion likewise will be taken to thought and level of commotion will be accurately changed in accordance with meet determined rules. To stay away from pointless unsettling influences to the nearby occupants, sound proliferation tests will be done no sooner than at 10am. (Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events, 2012, p.12) 4.5.6. Sound framework Circuit speakers framework will be received for the headliner stage. This framework will help limit commotion level by situating a few low fueled speakers around the crowd. The framework will be utilized rather than two enormous banks of speakers on either side of the stage. (Clamor From Open Air Events Guidance for Applicants, 2014, p. 8) Amplifiers will be situated away from the commotion delicate territories properties in Chigwell Row and improvement close Romford Rd (Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events, 2012, p.13). Amplifiers will be coordinated onto the territory where crowd will be, to maintain a strategic distance from over-spill into the encompassing zone (Soundadvice.info, 2017). The rooftop will be put on the fundamental and optional stages to assist with diminishing the clamor introduction outside the stage (Asselineaut et al., 2010). There will be no speakers situated outside of two Dub Shacks and speakers situated inside the tents will be situated downwards, away from any entryways. A few little speakers will introduced to guarantee an even dissemination of (Sound Licensing Limited, 2015). Sound designer will be carefully liable for controlling the low recurrence level of the music (bass) as its makes the most aggravation neighborhood inhabitants (Code of Practice a

The Relationship Between PTSD and Trichotillomania

The Relationship Between PTSD and Trichotillomania PTSD Related Conditions Print The Relationship Between PTSD and Trichotillomania By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 23, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Dave Greenwood / The Image Bank / Getty Images People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been found to be at high risk for engaging in a number of unhealthy and self-destructive behaviors; however, one behavior that has been examined less frequently is trichotillomania. What Is Trichotillomania? According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), trichotillomania is an impulse control disorder that is made up of the following symptoms: Recurrent pulling out of ones hair that eventually results in some noticeable hair loss.An increase in tension immediately before pulling out hair or when one tries to resist engaging in the behavior.Pleasure, gratification or relief when hair is being pulled out. In addition, to be diagnosed with trichotillomania, the symptoms described above cannot be better accounted for by some other disorder or a health condition. Also, the symptoms have to result in distress or impairment in different domains of a persons life. Little is known about trichotillomania, but some research indicates that it occurs among 1 to 2 percent of the general population. However, there is some evidence to suggest that people with certain mental health disorders, such as PTSD, may be more likely to engage in this behavior. PTSD and Trichotillomania To examine the connection between traumatic exposure, PTSD, and trichotillomania, researchers at Skidmore College and Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts General Hospital conducted a study among a group of patients seeking treatment at a trichotillomania clinic. The researchers asked these participants about their past traumatic exposure and assessed symptoms of PTSD. They found that about 75 percent  of the patients said that they had experienced at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. In addition, 19 percent  met the criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. Notably, this rate of PTSD is much higher than found in the general population. Interestingly, the researchers also found that the severity of a patients trichotillomania was associated with less severe PTSD symptoms. According to the authors of this study, this might suggest that trichotillomania is being used to reduce stress, anxiety, and tension associated with the experience of PTSD symptoms. Although PTSD symptoms were less severe among those with more severe trichotillomania, this doesnt necessarily mean that this behavior works to address PTSD symptoms. As with other self-destructive behaviors, although trichotillomania may bring about some initial reduction in distress, it doesnt allow someone to adequately process their emotions. Not surprisingly, other studies have found that trichotillomania is related to emotional avoidance. Consequently, these emotions may eventually come back and may come back stronger. In addition, the shame that people with trichotillomania may feel as a result of losing their hair may also eventually increase distress and make some PTSD symptoms worse (for example, feeling distant from others or isolation). Getting Help If you suffer from PTSD and trichotillomania, it is important that you seek help. There are a number of effective treatments available for PTSD, and successful completion of these treatments may improve your response to treatments for trichotillomania or reduce the need to engage in behaviors such as trichotillomania. For example, habit reversal and other cognitive-behavioral interventions have been found to be helpful for people with trichotillomania. Certain medications also have support in the treatment of trichotillomania. In addition, some studies have shown that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy may be particularly helpful for people with trichotillomania. You can learn more about trichotillomania and its treatment from the Trichotillomania Learning Center. There are a number of helpful provider locator search engines on the Internet that can assist you in finding a treatment provider in your area. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Story about Childhood - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1363 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Did you like this example? Abstract In Light in August, Wuthering Heights, and the poetry of William Blake, society disrupts the link between childhood and nature. Like the motherless boy in Blakes The Chimney Sweeper who is manipulated through the promises of religion, or the group of children paraded through Englands streets in Holy Thursday, a childs natural link to motherly love and nurture is cut, and instead the child is molded to fit societys image. Like in Blakes London, society is more masculine, structured, and unforgiving, with citizens degraded to identities as prostitutes or beggars out of necessity, all wearing societys mind-forgd manacles (8).. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Story about Childhood" essay for you Create order These themes are especially prevalent in the two novels: Joe Christmas childhood racial and sexual trauma results in a crippling inability to accept any motherly figure or romantic partner, while Catherine, imprisoned and domesticated at Thrushcross Grange, yearns for the freedom and even savagery of her childhood. In both novels, the characters use violence to try to express and achieve dominance over their frustrations. Christmas violent outbursts are related to control, to try and find order in a life ridden with a split identity and the unpredictable, fluid female characters he meets. Catherines violent impulses, rather, are almost more feminine, related to freeing herself and reclaiming her childhood self and ferocity that she sees embodied in Heathcliff. Both regress in their violence, seeking to piece together or return to a childhood development which was interrupted by society. There is a sense of the primal link between childhood and nature, like a mother and her child tied as one through the umbilical cord. Perhaps to break this link and superimpose societys rules, to try and domesticate a human being at such an early age, will inevitably lead to such tendencies of reverting to wildness, of an identity constantly in search of its fundamental roots. In Light in August, societys interruption of Joe Christmas childhood development leads him to a lifelong fixation on finding order, not only in terms of his identity but also with him grappling to understand femininity and sexual relationships. Beginning with his birth, Christmas loses his mother, Milly, when his grandfather purposely refuses her medical assistance. His grandfather despises him, disowning him to an orphanage and working as a janitor to watch him and hate him (127) out of his Puritan values. Doc Hines states that Christmas is the Lord Gods abomination, and I the instrument of his will (380), an example of societys religious doctrines invading and overriding a childs sacred bond with his mother. As with many of the male characters in Christmas life, there is a rigidity and absoluteness to his grandfathers hate, which is juxtaposed to his grandmother, who immediately built up the fire in the stove and heated some milk (379) upon receiving Christmas. Doc Hines firm religious hate is contrasted with Mrs. Hines motherly instincts, which are arguably more in tune with nature than society. However, because of Christmas eventual childhood trauma, he will come to cling to the more masculine, patterned responses toward him and come to distrust the more fluid, unpredictable female characters he meets, especially when it is love and safety they offer. Christmas greatest disruption to childhood occurs at age five, when he witnesses the dieticians sexual encounter. The moment is an especially vulnerable one for him both sexually and racially. During the scene, he eats and sucks from his finger a tube of toothpaste. Robbed of a mother to nurse him, it is almost a scene of Christmas regressing back to his infantile impulses; it is as if he is trying to emulate breastfeeding, an act that not only embodies a mother-child bond but is also one of a childs first Freudian steps in sexual development. Because of this, Christmas is in a sensitive, vulnerable state in the scene. In addition, the contrast between the pinkcolored appearance of both the dietician and toothpaste as well as Christmas own parchmentcolored finger (120) perhaps also hints at the racially charged trauma that will be inflicted upon him. Once the dietician discovers Christmas, she calls him a little nigger bastard (122), and it is at  that moment when Christmas entire racial and sexual awareness becomes disfigured. Unlike at the orphanage, Christmas is now old enough to understand the societal lines he has transgressed. He learns his racial identity is undesirable and is vilified by the closest mother figure he has. At once, the innocence and motherly safety he felt prior are wiped away: The toothpaste is now the cause of sickness and is no longer smooth pink-and-white (122). The curtain which symbolizes a childlike illusion of safety is torn away and the dietician, who used to be Christmas only sense of a motherly figure, [drags] him violently out of his vomit (122). In the scene, Christmas not only becomes aware of societys rejection of part of his race, but the dietician also tears away his innocent acceptance of refuge and nurture. From age five, Christmas is disillusioned to the motherly net of safety that is so integral to childhood, and he instead confronts the prejudices of society. Christmas trauma is further cultivated by the McEacherns. Mr. McEachern sternly adheres to his religious beliefs, and through him Christmas becomes accustomed to a lifestyle of strict discipline and suppression. Under Mr. McEachern, Christmas continues to subdue his sexual impulses and even the urge to eat, associating them with emotions of shame and withdrawal. Through Mr. McEachern, Christmas almost develops an attachment to the patterned and ordered restrictions of his life, as if the whole situation were perfectly logical and reasonable and inescapable (159). When Mrs. McEachern brings him food after a full day of fasting, Christmas violently lashes out, dumping the dishes and food and all onto the floor (155). In a tragic manner, because of his experience with the dietician, Christmas feels threatened by such a mother figure, seeing her very offer of food and safety as something threatening and out of the ordinary. Christmas and the man could always count upon one another, depend upon one another; that it was the woman alone who was unpredictable (159). To Christmas, It was the woman: that soft kindness which he believed himself doomed to be forever victim of and which he hated worse than he did the hard and ruthless justice of men (169). In heartbreaking sense, Christmas strict religious conditioning and past trauma have reversed the way he views any maternal figure, seeing them as a kind of volatile threat. It is only through the more masculine structure and order of society that he finds any hint of something dependable. There is a sense of how twisted a childs development can turn when the safety and primal education that only a mother can bestow is replaced by the harder conditioning of society. Perhaps a mothers love is affirming, possessing its own kind of power in supporting a childs first steps in forming a sense of self, sheltered from what society will dictate the child to be. In Joe Christmas case, however, it is this motherly love and safety that has become poison to him. Conclusion Furthermore, throughout his interactions with women, Christmas uses violence as a means to try to control or defend against the more unpredictable female characters he meets. In his first sexual encounter, trapped in a shed with a girl, there was something in him trying to get out, like when he had used to think of toothpaste (156). As a result, he strikes out: He kicked her hard, kicking into and through a choked wail of surprise and fear (157). When Christmas is with the waitress Bobbie, he has a similar response when she forgets about her menstruation, hitting her after she remarks that Im sick tonightYou havent ever had a sweetheart, yet. Ill bet you havent (188). Christmas violence in these scenes is contracting, almost defensive. Whenever the situation becomes intimate and sexual, such as in his first sexual encounter, his distrust of femininity again manifests itself in the fear of abandonment and hurt. There is a sense that his violence is linked to control, so that, in a twisted way, he may land a first blow and try to seize the situation, rejecting his partner first before he is again abandoned or traumatized.

Facts, Fiction and Apa Research Report

Facts, Fiction and Apa Research Report Above the duration of somebody's tutorial profession, you may be asked for to compose a whole lot of essays and papers on numerous matters, based on the schooling routine. More than the period of your respective educational job, you may be asked for to compose plenty of essays and papers on lots of matters, based on the education routine. Above the duration of your respective tutorial vocation, you could be asked for to compose several essays and papers on several different matters, based on the coaching routine. Above the period of your respective educational job, you will be asked for to compose quite a few essays and papers on several matters, based on the teaching routine. In excess of the period in your tutorial job, you're likely to be asked for to compose a lot of essays and papers on a lot of subject areas, based on the education routine. 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Reconstruction of signals for data length of the ultrasonic signals Free Essays

string(42) " Simulated_stationary_1 0 100 Infinity 1\." Introduction: Since really early from 1960s, signal Restoration remained as one of the most popular and ambitious jobs for supersonic proving techniques in signal analysis. A figure of techniques have been developed since that clip, opposite and pseudo opposite filtering, rental squares methods, maximal information etc. However from the positions of assorted writers in all mentions in this thesis we can non stipulate that one method can be used to bring forth a high declaration in existent or practical applications. We will write a custom essay sample on Reconstruction of signals for data length of the ultrasonic signals or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ground of failure for existent universe applications of the signal Restoration is connected to the ill-posedness of the job. Ill-posedness can be defined as figure of independent grades of freedom of the deformed signal is by and large than that of the original signal [ 17 ] . Distortion is caused due to the noise and other effects ensuing in end product with some spectral constituents or uncomplete information. Therefore Restoration by necessity requires the usage of extra information about the original signal that is non present in the deformed signal ( end product signal ) . To reconstruct the signal every bit near as possible to the original signal is taken from a Priori cognition or from somewhere else. Deconvoltuion or decryption of the signals such as image, address, ultrasound signal received must be a replicate of the original signal sent signifier the transmittal terminal to analyze the concealed information in the signals from the surfaces under trial. To analyze the signal or information we need to deconvolve the signal or decrypt the informations. Assorted techniques are available in digital signal processing as described in the earlier chapters to deconvolve the signals. Deconvolution has shown promised consequences in signal analysis. There are different devonvolution methods in assorted signal spheres as classified in the chapter-2. Recorded Signals suffer from deformation map to bring forth the original signal. The chief ground for deformation is linear noise every bit good as the other internal and external effects. The pertinence of the proposed Wiener and Blind devonvolution based signal analysis techniques presented in the above two chapters are applied to the fake s tationary and non-stationary, existent clip signals. Our aim is to retrace the signals for informations length of the supersonic signals, Signal to resound ratio and the deformation maps. We think it will be better to advert that the signal analysis is carried out for fake and existent signal. When a existent signal is restored we do non hold an original signal. So in order to compare out our algorithms public presentation simulated signals are really helpful. It is really hard to supply a valid definition for comparing of existent signals in supersonic testing. In general the Ultrasonic Non Destructive Evaluation ( NDE ) is used for defect sensing and localisation in construction under trial. The recorded supersonic signal characterizes construction, defect or cleft, and material surface. These contemplations are called reverberations classified as, mistake reverberation, back-wall reverberation and the noise ( grain ) . The backscattered reverberations present valuable information pertaining to the features of stuffs. Most of the supersonic applications i.e. subsample clip hold appraisal, deepness profiling, thickness measuring of thin beds rely on high declaration Deconvoltuion. Consequences and treatments: In this chapter we focus on public presentation of the Wiener, Blind and some other deconvolution techniques from the MATLAB tool chest for different parametric quantities such as, The signal Restoration is carried for existent with different lengths ( sample N = 256, 512, 1024 ) . Signal-to-Noise Ratio is calculated Minimal Mean Square is estimated comparing the obtained coefficient of reflection map ( particularly simulated signals ) . Ocular comparing ( proving ) utilizing the estimated signal with the original signal. Deconvolution operation is performed on fake stationary and non-stationary signals and every bit good as the existent signals. We need to cognize about the deformation maps. Here we present the signals and Impulse response maps. we have simulated a stationary and non-stationary signals. the analysis is carried out utilizing the consequences of the existent signals and fake signal. We have two signals recorded from 50MHz and 230MHz transducers. We present the signals, Signals recorded in supersonic non-destructive rating from the surfaces under survey are distorted by features of noise arising from internal and external beginnings, and extension waies. The two of import features restricting the public presentation of the Wiener deconvoluion are Attenuation of noise in the supersonic signal, and Band bound. Since the frequence bandwidth of the original signal is by and large narrow, frequencies beyond this limited part in impulse response lend a small in signal Reconstruction. Wiener filter is called Minimal mean square ( MMSE ) calculator. It is sensitive to the power spectrum of the original surface. In this the reconstructed coefficient of reflection map differs in frequence features. It is proved that wiener deconvolution when suitably applied can supply effectual consequences even under unfavorable conditions [ 84 ] . In this we present a solution for signal Reconstruction utilizing wiener filter theory. The public presentation and the analysi s of the consequences are chiefly affected by noise. NOISE LIMITS THE AMPLITUDE OF THE REFLECTIVITY FUNCTION, as per the consequences shown below. Due to signal to resound ratio in the denominator Wiener filter underestimates the amplitude as shown in equation ( 5.1 ) . High declaration signal Restoration can be achieved by big SNR betterment without deformation. Ten ^ ( ? ) =G ( ? ) Yttrium ( ? ) = [ ( H^* ( ? ) ) / ( |H ( ? ) |^2+ ( S_v ( ? ) ) / ( S_x ( ? ) ) ) ] Y ( ? ) — — — ( 5.1 ) Where, G ( ? ) = Wiener filtering S_v ( ? ) and S_x ( ? ) are power spectra of noise and original signal. Noise can be reduced different signal processing methods, as discussed above to cut down the electrical noise, even after averaging if the SNR is deficient filtering is required, the lower the SNR, the restored map becomes undependable. High declaration or acceptable consequences can by taking a moderate SNR. Reliable coefficient of reflection map can obtained for a moderate SNR. The consequences presented below are at different SNR values such as eternity, 20db, 40db. Fake Stationary signal: Signal Sigma noise coefficient Gamma Thresholding SNR dubnium Mistake MSE Simulated_stationary_1 0 100 Infinity 1.0982e-005 Simulated_stationary_2 0.1 100 20.9315 0.4214 Simulated_stationary_3 0.01 100 30.5329 0.1387 Simulated_stationary_4 0.001 100 40.7859 0.0117 Fake non-Stationary signal: Parameters for fake non-stationary signal: Signal Sigma noise coefficient Gamma Thresholding SNR dubnium Mistake MSE Simulated_stationary_1 0 100 Eternity 0.3320 Simulated_stationary_2 0.1 0.3 3.443 0.4214 Simulated_stationary_3 0.01 0.98484 13.0852 0.5831 Simulated_stationary_4 0.001 100 23.2153 0.3368 To back up the account on the effects of noise to retrace the coefficient of reflection map in above few pages is presented utilizing consequences from the fake signals. The consequences tabulated in tabular arraies ( table 5.1 and table 5.2 ) show that SNR limits the signal Reconstruction. Better public presentation can be obtained by bettering the signal-to-noise ratio. One of the many methods to better the signal to resound ratio is to extinguish the background noise utilizing the thresholding procedure. One of the methods is threshold method in reverse filter explained in chapter -3. The lower the SNR, the larger the variableness of estimated spectra and hence the more undependable the computed maps and restored signal. The application of Wiener filtering is utile merely if the SNR is moderate for the of import signal frequence constituents. Data provided in the tabular array ( ) support that the SNR value limits the amplitude of the coefficient of reflection map. In the undermen tioned subdivision we restore the coefficient of reflection map for the existent signals. The job is we do non hold the original signal to prove the public presentation. It is apparent that the signal constituents obtained by Wiener filtrating are utile when restored with MODERATE SNR value. So we assume signal restored with moderate SNR value contain utile information for the signal analysis under Wiener filtering. Signal Restoration for Real Signal recorded utilizing 50MHz ( 1:1024 ) : Signal Sigma noise coefficient Gamma Thresholding SNR Doctor of Divinity Our purpose is to reconstruct the first from each pulsations of signal as shown in the figure ( 5.9 ) . Now we deconvolve the signal for three different length where N = 256, 512 and 1024. Thus the lengths of the sequences will the consequence the Restoration of the signal. The Restoration is performed utilizing different deformation map or impulses responses. The sequence selected 1:212, The sequence is selected from 1:540, Next we will show by changing the noise coefficient sigma for the above set of sequences and the values are tabulated, Signal Sigma Gamma Thresholding SNR Doctor of Divinity From the tabular array, the first and 2nd rows correspond to the signals with the sequences ( 1:212 A ; amp ; 1:540 ) with the parametric quantities such as the noise coefficient sigma =0, when we compare the figure-5.11 with figure- 5.13 and figure- 5.12 with figure- 5.14 the coefficient of reflection is much more better than the other the 1. The figures 5.13 and 5.14 are the signals with added noise ensuing in a moderate SRN value. As discussed in the above subdivision to obtain a high declaration end product we need to seek for a good or moderate SNR and every bit good as the Thresholding value it minimizes the background noise and therefore ensuing in a better coefficient of reflection map. Harmonizing to the belongingss of supersonic signal, the incursion or the traveling is limited harmonizing to the frequence of the signal. The lower the frequence of the transducer more the ultrasound signal can inspect the construction under trial. Due to this restriction, we have a job even when entering the signals. In this above subdivision we presented the Deconvolution operation on the 50MHz signal, here we produce some consequences obtained utilizing 230MHz, for different sample lengths e.g. 1024, 256 and 512. Some of the signals and urges responses are as shown, Simulation-1: existent signal A * impulse response-A ( 20:900 ) : Simulation 2: Blind Signal deconvolution: In this subdivision we use the blinddeconvolution availabel in matlab signal processing tool chest. We use deconvblind to reconstruct the coefficient of reflection map. For above mentioned signal in Figure- 5b. Coefficient of reflection maps are restored for the signals recorded usinf 50MHz and 230MHz utilizing the impulse response. Simulation 1: Simulation 2: The consequences are produced utilizing iterative process. Appraisal of the parametric quantities is implimented utilizing Maximal Likelihood method. We foremost estimate the coefficient of reflection map x ^ ( T ) which is given in timedomain as, ten ^ ( T ) = ? Y ( T ) The iterative theoretical account in frequence sphere is given as, Ten ^_0 ( ? ) = ? Y ( ? ) Ten ^_ ( k+1 ) ( ? ) = X ^_k ( ? ) + ? Y ( ? ) – Ten ^_k ( ? ) H ( ? ) The chief advantage of the iterative filter iterative process is that it can be stopped after a finite figure of loops. Using this method high declaration end product can be obtained because this method is less sensitive to the noise. Decision: In the field of supersonic Non Destructive Evaluation ( NDE ) , the Restoration of signal is the chief job. Therefore, in this thesis the classical and the conventional deconvolution methods are studied and implemented to reconstruct the coefficient of reflection map of the sparse signals. One of the of import factors is execution of these two methods to reconstruct thin signals. Though there are some advanced techniques already in usage, such as – ripple, thin deconvolution and fiting chase. Here, we have used Wiener and Blind deconvolution techniques to reconstruct the coefficient of reflection map from the sparse signals. These methods are chosen with regard to the handiness of the clip and cognition I have sing the topic. The motive behind taking this subject as a portion of my MSc thesis is to better my bing cognition on the digital signal processing techniques and its applications in Ultrasonic Non-destructive rating methods. We think it will be better to advert about th e background I have on the Deconvolution technique before get downing this undertaking. The lone thing I know is that deconvolution is the reverse operation of whirl. Deconvolution is known as opposite job. Performance of the coefficient of reflection map depends on the word picture or appraisal of the deformation map or Point Spread Function ( PSF ) . We restored coefficient of reflection map utilizing a non-blind deconvolution and a unsighted deconvolution technique. Non blind deconvolution can be advantageous, since it admits a closed signifier solution via Wiener Filtering. Additionally, in the instance of non blind deconvolution, it is easy to integrate diverse statistical priors on the surface coefficient of reflection map under trial. Once the PSF is known it is no longer important to reconstruct the coefficient of reflection map. The non blind deconvolution should be considered as an of import boosting phase supplementing the opposite filtrating [ 68 ] . Two related steps of public presentation will be used to assist over the quality of Restorations: the mean square mistake and the betterment on signal/noise ratio ratio. Even though MSE is non a dependable calculator of the subjective quality of a restored signal it will be used to give some indicant of the public presentation of the method. Performance of the algorithms is similar to that for noise less conditions. The consequences obtained for different Signal-to-Noise ratios are tabulated in ( 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 ) . It is apparent from the tabular arraies that wiener filtrating conserves most of the information associated with the signals at parts of high signal to resound ratio in the frequence sphere. Wiener deconvolution produces high declaration coefficient of reflection map for stationary signals. The public presentation of the proposed Wiener deconvolution is investigated on the fake stationary and every bit good as the non-stationary signals. Using wiener deconvolution to a computing machine generated signal is summarized. In the above figure ( 1 ) shows the convolved signal Y ( T ) ( 2 ) is the impulse response ( 3 ) coefficient of reflection map ( 4 ) Reconstruction of the coefficient of reflection map. The coefficient of reflection map is reconstructed for different SNR = inifinty, 20dB, 40dB. The figures 5.1-5.4 represent the coefficient of reflection maps with diminishing MSE with increasing SNR. Wiener filter method has satisfactory public presentation at comparatively high SNR values. At low SNR values wiener filter method public presentation is badly affected by noise. Future work: Harmonizing to the increased broad scope of applications based on deconvolution of supersonic signals, wiener deconvolution and blind deconvolution are studied and implemented in this thesis. Wiener filtering is called Minimal Mean Square calculator. This job has a broad assortment of applications in digital signal processing like geophysical modeling, supersonic analysis or bio-medical technology. Wiener Filtering is sensitive to the noise. Implementing Wiener filtrating suitably can bring forth appropriate consequences even under unfavorable conditions. In existent universe applications it is hard to gauge parametric quantities or conditions suitably. Signal analysis is carried out utilizing sweetening of Signal-to-Noise ratio and gauging the Minimum Mean Square mistake. Signal to resound ratio is enhanced by extinguishing the background noise or deformations added to the signal recorded from Ultrasonic Non destructive rating. The Minimal average square mistake is decreased by bett ering the SNR value. Another classical method implemented in this thesis is Blind deconvolution. Signal Restoration appears in many Fieldss. These Fieldss have different purposes for signal Restoration, but certain basicss are common to all signal Restoration. As explained earlier signal debasement is due to two grounds ( a ) Noise, and ( B ) Distortions. The cardinal hurdle in signal Restoration is lack of information. In some instances it is non possible to hold cause for signal debasement. Most of the signal Restoration algorithms by and large require some a priori information in order to reconstruct the signal. The a priori information in blind deconvolution is estimated utilizing the maximal likeliness appraisal method. The above discussed two methods autumn under 2nd order statistics. These methods suffer from non minimal stage job. To get the better of the job high order statistic method is approached. The high order statistic methods exploit the belongingss of cumulants and polyceptra as mentione d in chapter -4. Execution of this method depends on the cognition of high order cumulants of the involved signal. Third order statistics based method is the particular instance out of the High Order statics, enables to [ 28 ] , Operate under high signal to Noise ratio, Operate expeditiously under the noise environments Continue the exact non minimal stage. It is clear that the conventional deconvolution techniques can non supply a high declaration end product when applied for thin signals. Transform-domain supersonic signal processing techniques were developed to find the defects in thin multilayered construction. In all these methods broadband supersonic signals were used, which are analysed in the clip or frequence spheres. These signals are normally clip limited or band-limited. The time-domain processing techniques can be confounding when the signals are distorted or the reverberations overlapped. The frequency-domain processing techniques are non suited when the defects are close to the surface or the reverberations overlapped [ 34 ] . So the hunt for dependable techniques is demanded. To obtain utile information about the concealed defects, time-frequency signal representation is developed. Thus L1 NORM DECONVOLUTION produce a high declaration end product even applied for thin signals. The time-frequency sphere methods such as WA VELET TRANSFORM, MATCHING PURSUIT and SPARSE DECONVOLUTION will bring forth high declaration coefficient of reflection map from thin signals. Ripples Transform: Ripples is a quickly germinating signal processing technique because of their localisation parametric quantities that adapt better to the signal features than the traditional Fourier transform. Applications range in many Fieldss such as, geophysical sciences, mathematics, and theoretical natural philosophies and in communicating. There are different types of ripple transform method, Continuous ripple transform, Daubechies wavelet transform Gabor transform. Discrete ripple transform The ripple transform is defined in the footings of footing maps obtained by switching and dilation [ 39 ] . It is found that Gabor transform to be the most suited method to supply information in clip frequence sphere. Wavelet transform is the correlativity between the signal and a set of basic ripple. The information presented in this subdivision is collected form mentions [ 39, 40, 85, 86 ] . In ripple transform an square integrable female parent ripple H ( T ) is chosen to analyze a specific signal. Number of daughter ripples ha, B ( T ) is generated from the female parent ripple H ( T ) by dilation and displacement belongingss. The ripple sequence W ( a, B ) of the signal ten ( T ) are given by, W_s ( a, B ) = ? _ ( -8 ) ^8? s ( T ) ? h^* ? _ ( a, B ) ( T ) ? dt = s ( T ) ? 1/va h^* ( t/a ) Where the girl ripple map is given by, h_ ( a, B ) ( T ) = a^ ( 1/2 ) .h ( ( t-b ) /a ) This is the basic ripple transform theoretical account. This theoretical account can be used to observe the pulsation and suppression of noise. Using this ripple transform technique the signal is represented in time-frequency sphere. For the appraisal of the daughter signal see [ 39 ] . One of the advantages of the ripple transform is the sub set filtrating that decomposes a signal into different frequence sets. The signal is divided in to estimate and item coefficient such as, A1 and D1 for the first degree decomposition so these are decomposed in to A2 and D2. It repeats this process until the degree reaches the upper limit that is limited by m where the entire information is 2m. The decomposition is represented by Discrete Wavelet Transform ( DWT ) in figure. How to cite Reconstruction of signals for data length of the ultrasonic signals, Essay examples

Minority Groups Issue in Modern World

Introduction Minority groups have always been part of every society. In any given society, there are those people who are considered weak or lesser by virtue of one aspect or another most of which are natural.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Minority Groups Issue in Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Women have for a long time considered as minority groups in many societies; always taking the second place after men and always being denies opportunities which they deserve just by the mere fact that they are women. However over the years, the situation has changes and most minority groups and especially women have come out strongly to defend their position in the society. They have formed unions under whose umbrella they fight for their rights ensuring that they are not discriminated against just by the mere fact that they are women. Women have also managed to fight for a level paying ground and an equal platform just their male counterparts so that positions of leadership and other influential positions are given by merit and not based on gender or any other consideration. This discussion looks at the range of actions that minority groups are taking to advance their interests within the union movement and what other actions they could take to further their cause. Special attention will be paid to the different strategies and methods that minority groups are currently using or might use to further their goals. Who is a Minority Group? A minority group is segregated group in a society which always small and hence the name minority which is hardly incorporated or recognizes as part of the society. More often, this people are ignored or sort of disregarded and they are not sufficiently involved in social matters especially those that regard development.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is the continued sidelining of minority groups over the years that has resulted to the minority groups coming up with various strategies so as to advance their interests and ensure that they also participate actively in various developmental issues and other issues that are of societal concern. Minority groups are based on a number of factors mainly gender, age, sexual affiliation or general perceptions held by an individual (Simpson Yinger, 2005, p. 43). In the modern society, the most common minority groups include women based on their gender, children based on their age, lesbians and gays based on their sexual affiliation and other people who hold views that are not very popular with the rest of the society. As experience may have proven, it is not always easy to live under the umbrella of stereotype that most minority groups have to contend with. It is as if you do not belong in your very own society. It is a stereotype that has seen most of those belonging to minority groups a ttempt to break away if only to be treated in more â€Å"normal† way. However, with the strategies discussed below, it has become easier for these groups to find a place in the society where they could lead a productive life in the society and prove to the rest of the society that they are no different and can do equally good if not better just like everybody else. Strategies Used One strategy that has proven successful in helping minority groups advance their interests is joining union movements. Usually, a union movement is a group of people who come together with the main goals of ensuring that their interests are taken care of.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Minority Groups Issue in Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Union movements are common especially among workers in different sectors who come together to ensure that all their rights are respected and that they are able to advance othe r common interests they may have. It has also been noted that unlike in the past where most minority groups considered themselves lesser in their manner and behavior, this has since changed as most minority groups now consider themselves equal with other people (Whitley Kite, 2009, p. 65). In the past, most minority groups seemed to agree with the rest of the community that indeed they were lesser and did not have as equal rights as the rest of the people to access opportunities in different aspects of life. Minority groups have now come out strongly to show the rest of the world that being small in number of holding a view or perception that is not as popular does not make them any less. They have therefore become more assertive than they were previously and this has by and large helped them advance their interests. Unity is another aspect that has helped minority groups thrive and advance e their interest in the increasingly hostile society. Minority groups have been teaming up t o form groups of their own with vested interests. For instance, women who have for a long time been considered as minority in many societies have found ways of empowering themselves by coming together to form groups which they use to come up with projects that are highly beneficial to them and to the society in general. Women for instance perhaps due to the fact that it is one of the minority groups that has been with the society for years has become more vocal than any other minority groups.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Women have come out strongly to assert their positions and there are now more women in positions of leadership and power more than there were a couple of years back. Women have also formed various help groups and have come up with very successful projects most of which are income generating. Thus, besides providing a steady income to these women, they are also beneficial to the society and they have helped the general society change their general perception about women. Another strategy that most minority groups are using to advance their interest and further their goals is by teaming with non-governmental organizations who provide funding that is required to help kick start their projects. The non governmental organizations have been very instrumental especially in supporting women groups implement their projects thus making the society a better place. Another strategy that has helped minority groups come out from what is seen as cacoon is by actively participating in forums of nat ional issues and general societal concern. Women for instance have been participating in religious issues and some are already holding positions of importance in the religious domain. About a decade ago, women could not be allowed to hold such positions. Women and other minority groups have therefore come out to show the rest of the society that indeed they have equal potential and can equally perform well when given an opportunity. Minority groups have also been holding demonstration in an attempt to have the voice heard. These peaceful demonstrations have helped a great deal because even the government listens to these groups when they demonstrate. The essence of these demonstrations is to make an assertive voice to the government, policy makers and the society in general that the minority groups also have a right to be involved and adequately so in the participation of making decisions. Of all the minority groups that there are, the women and the young people can be said to be th e most successful. Perhaps this is because the basis on which they are considered to be a minority group is not controversial. Lesbians and gays have not been having to easy in trying to find their position in the society. Perhaps due to the fact many people in the society based on their upbringing do not consider these practices correct, the minority groups may be said to be finding it even more challenging than women and young people have. They have however continued to hold peaceful demonstrations asking the society to view them as normal whose sexual affiliation should not be used to alienate them. Unlike when these practices first merged, the society seems to be slowly accepting this group of people although there is still a tendency to look at this group of people as though they are not normal. People suffering from disabilities are also part of minority groups and they have also had a fair share of challenges in having the society accept them and consider them as equally pote ntial people who can deliver when given an opportunity to (Sproule, 1989, p. 123). The media has played a major role in highlighting the plight of minority groups and influencing the society to start viewing these people from a different angle. Currently, there are several people with disabilities who are holding managerial positions and this goes to show that the society is changing positively and learning to accept that disability is not inability. Other tactics that minority groups may use to further their goals and ensure that they have an impact in the society is by ensuring that they are more united than ever before ( Pentassuglia, 2009, p. 54). It has been noted that while segregated groups form unions to represent their rights and interests, the majority of people are left out and this means that there are many people belonging to the minority groups especially at the grass root level who do not have any support. It is important therefore for the lobby groups to ensure that all persons falling under the category of minority groups are well represented. Collaboration with civil rights movements is yet another strategy that will work well in helping the minority groups further their goals. Conclusion Women are perhaps the best example of a minority group that has managed to liberate themselves using most of the above discussed tactics. In the modern world, the woman is holding just as good a position just her male counterpart. In this century, minority groups have risen to show the rest of the society that they are equally part of the society and that they also have a big part to play in making the world a better place. If the trend that most minorities groups are taking is anything to go by, then it would be correct to say that in a couple of years to come, there may in fact not be any minority groups in the society. Instead, there will be many different groups with different agendas but bring considered as rightfully belonging to the larger society. Re ferences Pentassuglia, G. (2009). Minority groups and judicial discourse in international law: a comparative perspective. LA: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Simpson, G. Yinger, J. (1985). Racial and cultural minorities: an analysis of prejudice and discrimination. London: Springer. Sproule, W. (1989). Minority Groups. New York: Gage. Whitley, B. Kite, M. (2009). The psychology of prejudice and discrimination. New  York: Francis and Taylor. This essay on Minority Groups Issue in Modern World was written and submitted by user Forge to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Concentrated Media Ownership and its Implications Essay Example

Concentrated Media Ownership and its Implications Essay Example Concentrated Media Ownership and its Implications Essay Concentrated Media Ownership and its Implications Essay Most industrialized societies understand that monopolies are generally harmful to the average consumer, and many have taken steps to protect the consumer from price gouging and other related misbehaviors of monopolistic companies.   Unfortunately, the media can also be a monopoly.   If a range of media providers is controlled by a small number of companies or individuals, the result can be equally as damaging to readers and viewers, the consumers of media.   Thus, this type of concentrated media ownership in Australia severely limits the type of programming available to the readers and viewers. Concentrated media ownership in Australia affects consumers in two realms:   the entertainment industry and the information industry.   The content in both of these realms is severely limited by concentrated media ownership.   With television programmers vying for ratings, the stations are going to give people a big dose of what sells.   The diversity of programming will suffer, with shows that focus on education, the arts and social issues suffering in lieu of violent crime dramas, sexual sitcoms and other â€Å"saleable† programs.   According to Ted Turner, a media mogul himself, â€Å"Media companies have gotten so large and concentrated that an independent voice has an almost impossible time getting started in any kind of meaningful way, and thats a great tragedy for our country† (Lieberman, 2003).   The result is a whole lot of the same old thing. With an even wider impact is the news media.   The news media has become the 4th estate in the eyes of many, as it is present to watch and report issues of political and social concern.   According to media analysts, the media plays â€Å"a vital role in linking citizens and the state† (text, 2006, p. 41). Unfortunately, when the media companies become monopolistic or oligopolistic, these wide ranges of news coverage diminish.   Political affiliations become more important than objective reporting while sensational, dramatized news becomes the norm because it is what sells advertisements. Ralph Nadar, a prominent economist, fears that this trend, which is the norm in Australia, especially after the amendment to allow companies to own multiple stations or newspapers in a single market, will lead to a dumbing down and eventually to censorship of certain content.   â€Å"It will lead to more absentee, remote, syndicated, and automated control of local TV stations, warns Nader† (Benjamin, 2003).   The frightening thing is that media can even affect policy because the elected officials, with the support of the TV stations, ultimately pass the laws for the state (text, 2006, p. 32). At its worst, the media can actually determine what people believe.   This happens for two reasons.   First, if the media does not report news, then the public does not know the facts.   Secondly, the way the media spins the news via the reports it airs affects the interpretation of the events.   This has horrible implications for all viewers.     Ã¢â‚¬Å"The nations most powerful media companies are trying . . . to gain total control over the news and information that Americans are allowed to read, see, and hear† (Benjamin, 2003).   Once this occurs, the public will be at the mercy of the media companies. Sadly, this type of concentrated system simply feeds on itself.   It does not provide any means for competition or even dissenting viewpoints.   The public broadcasters or independent companies cannot compete for the advertising dollar or even afford the technology that the larger companies can; they are effectively edged out of the market, if they even have a foothold at all.   The politicians, through the support of the media, even affect the policies and laws that people have to live by.   This situation is not amenable for the viewing and reading public.

SAT Score Range The Complete Story

SAT Score Range The Complete Story SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What is the range for SAT scores? How do your scores stack up? In this article, I’ll give you a basic rundown of the range of scores you can expect on the SAT and help you put your scores in perspective if you’ve already taken the test. SAT Score Range: The Basics The SAT is scored on a 1600 point scale, and composite scores range from 400 to 1600.You composite score represents the combined scores of two test sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, scored from 200 to 800, and Math, also scored from 200 to 800. You get three test scores in Reading, Writing, and Math on your score report, but they range from 10-40 and will not be a concrete aspect of your final composite score.The SAT score reportalso includestwo cross test scores and seven subsection scores that are designed to give you a more complete picture of your strengths and weaknesses based on which questions you answered correctly. The essay is optional (like it currently is on the ACT) and does impact your composite score; the essay score is reported separately. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Average SAT Scores The national average for composite SAT scores is around a 1500.For 2014, these were the average section scores: Critical Reading: 497Math: 513Writing: 487 Total: 1497 If you’re scoring above a 1500, you’re already doing better than half of the country.If you’re scoring above an 1800 you’re in the top 25% of scorers, and if you're scoring below a 1260 you’re in the lowest 25%. In the end, you shouldn’t worry about these averages nearly as much as you should worry about averages for your particular college.Some schools don’t even consider the Writing Score, like schools in the public university system in Massachusetts.Admitted students to UMASS Lowell last year had an average combined Critical Reading and Math score of 1150, meaning they scored slightly higher than average on each test. If you want to have the strongest chance of getting into a school, you should aim for the 75th percentile score (a higher score than 75 percent of admitted students).If you’re hoping to get into schools in the Ivy League and other top schools like MIT and Stanford, you will be expected to have scores that are in the 2200-2400 range.To use Stanford as an example, the 75th percentile composite score for applicants this past year was a 2360! To learn more about what scores you should aim for, check out our article on figuring out your target score. Ugh Stanford get over yourself. NO PLEASE TAKE ME YOU'RE BEAUTIFUL. Studying for Your Score Goals Now that you have a better sense of the possible score range on the SAT, you can take a practice test (or take a look at scores from an SAT you’ve already taken) and see where you fall in the rankings.If your scores aren’t where you need them to be yet, that’s ok! You will just have to plan out your studying time accordingly. I’ll outline some brief guidelines below, but for more information read my article on how long you should study for the SAT and our complete study plan for the SAT. I’m Looking to Improve 100-200 Points This will require about 40 hours of studying on average.Plan ahead a couple months or so before your test date - if you give yourself two months, five hours of studying a week should get you up to speed.If you prefer to spread out your studying more, you might start studying six months in advance and schedule out one or two hours a week for SAT prep. I’m Looking to Improve by Around 300 Points This will require about 60-80 hours of studying on average.You should plan out your studying at least three or four months in advance and be prepared to study for five hours every week.In this case it would probably be easier to start studying six months or more before the test. If you think you might need longer study time because you often get distracted or have difficulty learning quickly from your mistakes, you should definitely plan on starting six months in advance and studying at least two or three hours a week. I’m Looking to Improve by 500+ Points This is a big goal, so you should be prepared to study for 150+ hours to reach it.If you start six months before the test and study for five hours a week or so, that should be enough to get you close to a 500 point improvement. Remember, though, if you want to improve by this much, yourstudying has to be super high-quality!Mark any questions you don’t understand on practice tests and figure out what the problem is that’s causing you to make mistakes.Fully understanding your mistakes and figuring out how to correct them is the key to making significant improvements! Summary Here are some of the main points you should know about SAT scores: Composite scores range from 600 to 2400 Critical Reading, Math, and Writing are each worth 200 to 800 points Nationally, the average SAT score is about 1500 You should check the average scores for the schools you’re applying to, and try to aim for the 75th percentile score as a goal for yourself.Everyone has a different target score!You can make a study plan depending on how much you need to improve, so your scores will be in the right range by the time you take the real test. What's Next? Trying to decide when to take the SAT? Read this article to find the best test date for your situation. If you plan on taking the new SAT but have been practicing with the old SAT, take a look at the charts in this article to convert your scores and see where you might fall within the new 1600 point score range. Score choice and superscoring are two policies that might impact your test taking and studying plans for the SAT. Read more about these policies and the difference between them. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Design and the New Ornament Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Design and the New Ornament - Case Study Example The Latin term memento mori stands for - remember that you must die. They remind that everyone is mortal. 'Memento' also stands for 'a point of departure'. A deviation. Perhaps even signifying unfaithfulness. 'Memento Mori' is also the title of a story written by Jonathan Nolan. The complex story is centered around a man named Leonard in a mental institution. Leonard has problems with his memory and so has to depend on notes and pictures to daily remind himself about what he has to do, even simple chores like brushing his teeth. The extend of his brain damage could be gauged from the scenes of Leonard trying to cope with his daily life. The main cause of his problem is the rape and murder of his wife. This is all he can think of, and he carries on with notes written in italics to himself stuck all over the ceiling where he stoically explains why he could never lead a normal existence. He seeks revenge for his wife's murder knowing he cannot get over it. This is the only scene fresh in his mind and memory. The story is interspersed with five brief scenes in Leonard's life - waking up in a mental institution, trying to go through the process of brushing his teeth, waking up fully clothed in bed, and then reading the note on the ceiling telling him he must escape the institution to find his wife's killer.He opens his eyes to find himself getting a tattoo, waking up in a hotel room, and examining all his tattooed facts and instructions, including a sketch of a man's face; looking out a car window at a dead man on the sidewalk with a face matching his tattoo, then finding that he is handcuffed and can't find a pen as the car pulls away from the scene.The human mind, conditioned largely by what we read, learn and are told, is rather crazy. The images it creates in people's minds, seen or unseen, largely influences the person to go in for a particular tattoo design at a specific spot in his or her body. Earlier, tattoos were largely used by ruffians, outlaws and biker gangs. But now even ce lebrities sport tattoos and complement their piercings. (www.tattoos-the.com). History of the tattoo The word 'tattoo' comes from the Tahitian word tatau. In the 1800s tattoos were particularly popular in England where sailors would get them as permanent souvenirs of their travels (www.tattoos-the.com). Tattoos have been around for thousands of years. They have been found in 3,000 years old Egyptian mummies. They are sported in designs of all kinds, plain, elaborate, colorful, almost always personal. Permanent once etched, they serve as amulets, status symbols, love emblems, adornments, and even signs of religious beliefs. Joann Fletcher, research fellow in the department of archaeology at the University of York in Britain, describes the history of tattoos and their cultural significance to people around the world, from the famous " Iceman," a 5,200-year-old frozen mummy, to today's Maori. www.smithsonian.com1. If you're thinking about getting a tattoo, make sure you are up to date with your immunizations, and plans about where to go for medical care if your tattoo becomes infected.Added to these, you have to take the precaution of consulting your doctor if you

Adaptive Optics for Vision Science Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adaptive Optics for Vision Science - Term Paper Example Astronomers have come up with a system that improves on the optic systems; used to study space that can counter this distortion brought about by the front waves, a system known as â€Å"Adaptive Optics†. Adaptive optics refers to an astronomy technology that improves the performance of optical systems through reduction turbulence of the earth’s atmosphere distortions. Adaptive optic system purposes to correct deformations Caused by the turbulence of the earth’s atmosphere. This correction happens by using deformed mirrors that are controlled by a computer so as to compensate for the distortion by the incoming wavefront. The image obtained through this system is usually as sharp as the ones taken in space. The system allows observation of dimmer (faint) astronomical details of the corrected optical system that would possibly be observed from the ground. For the system to work effectively, it requires a bright reference star located close to the object being studie d. Astronomers do create artificial stars by shining a very strong laser beam into the upper atmosphere of the earth, in cases where an appropriate natural star is not available around the object of study (Hardy, 2010). Normally, light gets distorted as it passes through the wavefront thus preventing the formation of sharp images by a telescope placed on earth’s surface. The adaptive optic system eliminates this blurring effect of the atmosphere. The adaptive optics works by measuring atmospheric distortion in the light coming from the star or the other artificial source of light. Electronic signals are then sent to a deformable mirror that rapidly changes its shape to correct this distortion. This system has the ability to see hundreds of separate beams of light while looking at a single beam of light from a star even those that have been deviated due to atmospheric turbulence.

Analysis of Africas Economy

Analysis of Africas Economy Several economists around the world are wondering whether the majority of Africans are benefiting from investment and profits originating from the continent. African leaders have been in the media claiming that Africa is experiencing one of the highest economic growth rates in the recent past. However, a growing gap between the rich and the poor, increase in cost of living and cost of consumer goods has disproportionate effects on working people as well as the poor. Countries such as Nigeria and Ghana that have reported to be undergoing economic growth are experiencing internal crisis linked to a rising cost of living and need to increase government expenditure on infrastructural development (Ndulu 5). Despite the fact that Nigeria was named as the largest economy in Africa, its women, youth, farmers and workers are increasing their demand for access to quality life, resources and wealth. Furthermore, several alarming reports indicate that the economic growths in various parts of Africa are more complicated than the leaders’ indicate. As result, a research was conducted to unearth the issues behind the economic problems, how African governments and leaders can address them (Ndulu 37). The major problem investigated is the interconnection between economy, social and political leadership with the current economic situation across Africa. It was crucial to analyze case studies and literature reviews containing information on African Economy. They analyzed relevant trade publications, annual economic reports, newspapers, magazines and on-line databases. Because of the time factors, the researchers relied mostly on web for data because it is faster and economical. Volunteers from public and private sectors, African economists, workers, International Monetary Fund, World Bank and African Development Bank provided necessary literature through the publications. The large pool of participants allowed the researchers to obtain wide range of data that was then crosschecked against other data to ascertain its validity. It was necessary to analyze data from various African countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa. Nigeria was preferred because it is the economic powerhouse of Africa while Ghana is on the right path to democracy in Africa. Kenya seems to growing both democratically and economically while Democratic Republic of Congo was considered because it has vast natural resources. It was also necessary to compared the economies of such countries, analyze the various natural resources found in those countries, evaluate various sources of income. Finally, analysis of the relationship between democracy and economic growth, natural resources and economic growth and the relationship between economic growth and living standards of individuals was crucial (Ndulu 179). The research process indicates that African economy is likely to grow up to 4.7% during this year and accelerate to 5% in 2015. However, the growth in economy does not translate to infrastructure development, job creation, improved standards of living as well as reduction of high poverty level as well reducing inequality in Africa (African Development Bank 1). West African countries like Nigeria and Ghana continue to experience highest levels of economic levels ranging between 6.7% 7% and are likely to increase further by 2015. The economic growth is due to investment in minerals and oil, democratic governments and good leadership. East Africa is equally experiencing economic growth that has increased up to 6% from last year (Economic Commission for Africa 39). Kenya’s economy has grown due to increased consumer spending; Tanzanians economy has grown due to higher consumption and investment in natural gas. Lastly, Uganda economy is being enhanced by development in telecommuni cations, transport, construction as well as construction of burgeoning oil industry. In the southern region of the continent, the growth is likely to go up from 3.6% to 4.2% due to increased investments and rising mineral mining in South Africa. Economic growth in Africa will be weakest in North Africa due to political instability in the regions and fleeing of investors (Ndulu 193). The research notes that Africa economy is driven by exports, mineral exploitation and commodity production, but the rate is not yet optimal. This is because job creation is weak and the growth has not addressed poverty issues, poor living standards and rising inequality(Westenholz-Bless Achola 97).. The informal sector is still very large yet opportunities remain limited for those seeking employment. This is evident by high rates of youth unemployment as well as wide gender disparities in employment and earnings. Furthermore, increased pressure on labor markets due to increase in population pressure means no any sufficient impact can be felt by the majority citizens. The researchers established that weak job creation is brought about by overreliance on agriculture and mining as source of employment. Overreliance on farming leaves various countries susceptible to weather-related shocks. In addition to this, civil wars continue to pose a huge threat to economic activities in countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan and Somalia (Ndulu 200). Though Nigeria is believed to be the economic powerhouse of Africa, the country has serious unresolved problems linked to distribution of wealth and living conditions of the majority Nigerians. According to the graph below, most Nigerians are unsatisfied with their government because the rates of poverty and unemployment are highest in Nigeria compared to other African countries despite the fact that it is the economic power house of Africa (see figure 01). Furthermore, the rate of employment seems to be increasing yearly. Unequal distribution of resources in the country has led to an internal conflict in northern part of the country. The conflict was associated with the majority northerners, who are poor, led to stagnated economic growth in the region. There has been other instances of bombing and abduction of schoolchildren in Nigeria as way of protesting against unequal distribution of resources and declining job opportunities. This has compelled most youths to engage in criminal activities to obtain money to cater for their expenses. Source: University of Twente. Nigeria Energy Study Report, Enabling Urban Poor Livelihood Policy Making: Understanding the Role of Energy Services. May 2014, Figure 01. Africans must rise up and determine their own destiny without any fear. From the results of the findings, there is a clear relationship between a peaceful democratic country and economic growth. Countries like Ghana and South Africa have experienced economic development due to peaceful elections and responsible leaders who encourage investors to invest in the countries. Rwanda that was on brink of self-destruction due to civil war in 1994 is now experiencing high rates of economic growth due to good leadership. This is a clear indication that security of a country is directly related to economic growth. Security ensures everyone gets an opportunity to go to work, students go to school and other economic activities take place. In addition to this, it gives the country a humble time of producing quality goods to sell abroad. As result, the country obtains revenue from the economic activities that lead to economic growth (Hughes, Mills Street, 01). Africans must also avoid overreliance on minerals and farming as the main source of livelihood. Countries like Uganda and Kenya have created job opportunities in sectors like road construction, trade activities, and telecommunication sector and transportation industry. The situation shows various job opportunities that can be created outside the traditional ones. In order to avoid uncertainties that come with climatic changes, Africans should utilize their rivers and lakes to create irrigation schemes. They should borrow irrigation technology from Israel that is a desert country yet it produces more food than it can consume. Lastly, Africans should observe family planning methods. The report indicated that most parents give birth to more children than they can take care of. This increases pressure on the limited resources in the continent (Hughes, Mills Street 1). Works Cited African Development Bank. Nigeria Economic Outlook. 2014. Web. 15 May 2014. Economic Commission for Africa. Economic Report on Africa 2008: Africa and the Monterrey Consensus: Tracking Performance and Progress: Overview. Addis Ababa: Economic Commission for Africa, 2008. Print Hughes, Ian. Mills, Greg. Street, Michael. â€Å"The solution to Africas woes lies with Africans, not the west.† The Observer mag. 10 March 2013. Web. 12 May 2014. Ndulu, B J.The Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa, 1960-2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Print. University of Twente. Nigeria Energy Study Report 2005, Enabling Urban Poor Livelihood Policy Making: Understanding the Role of Energy Services. 2005. Web. 12 May 2014. Westenholz-Bless, Claire. Paul P. W. Achola.Fundamentals of Social Research Methods: An African Perspective. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta Legal and Academic Publishers, 2007. Print.